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-
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-
-
-
-
- Network Working Group R. Rivest
- Request for Comments: 1320 MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
- Obsoletes: RFC 1186 and RSA Data Security, Inc.
- April 1992
-
-
- The MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm
-
- Status of thie Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
- not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is
- unlimited.
-
- Acknowlegements
-
- We would like to thank Don Coppersmith, Burt Kaliski, Ralph Merkle,
- and Noam Nisan for numerous helpful comments and suggestions.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- 1. Executive Summary 1
- 2. Terminology and Notation 2
- 3. MD4 Algorithm Description 2
- 4. Summary 6
- References 6
- APPENDIX A - Reference Implementation 6
- Security Considerations 20
- Author's Address 20
-
- 1. Executive Summary
-
- This document describes the MD4 message-digest algorithm [1]. The
- algorithm takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces
- as output a 128-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input.
- It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce
- two messages having the same message digest, or to produce any
- message having a given prespecified target message digest. The MD4
- algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a
- large file must be "compressed" in a secure manner before being
- encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem
- such as RSA.
-
- The MD4 algorithm is designed to be quite fast on 32-bit machines. In
- addition, the MD4 algorithm does not require any large substitution
- tables; the algorithm can be coded quite compactly.
-
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- The MD4 algorithm is being placed in the public domain for review and
- possible adoption as a standard.
-
- This document replaces the October 1990 RFC 1186 [2]. The main
- difference is that the reference implementation of MD4 in the
- appendix is more portable.
-
- For OSI-based applications, MD4's object identifier is
-
- md4 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
- {iso(1) member-body(2) US(840) rsadsi(113549) digestAlgorithm(2) 4}
-
- In the X.509 type AlgorithmIdentifier [3], the parameters for MD4
- should have type NULL.
-
- 2. Terminology and Notation
-
- In this document a "word" is a 32-bit quantity and a "byte" is an
- eight-bit quantity. A sequence of bits can be interpreted in a
- natural manner as a sequence of bytes, where each consecutive group
- of eight bits is interpreted as a byte with the high-order (most
- significant) bit of each byte listed first. Similarly, a sequence of
- bytes can be interpreted as a sequence of 32-bit words, where each
- consecutive group of four bytes is interpreted as a word with the
- low-order (least significant) byte given first.
-
- Let x_i denote "x sub i". If the subscript is an expression, we
- surround it in braces, as in x_{i+1}. Similarly, we use ^ for
- superscripts (exponentiation), so that x^i denotes x to the i-th
- power.
-
- Let the symbol "+" denote addition of words (i.e., modulo-2^32
- addition). Let X <<< s denote the 32-bit value obtained by circularly
- shifting (rotating) X left by s bit positions. Let not(X) denote the
- bit-wise complement of X, and let X v Y denote the bit-wise OR of X
- and Y. Let X xor Y denote the bit-wise XOR of X and Y, and let XY
- denote the bit-wise AND of X and Y.
-
- 3. MD4 Algorithm Description
-
- We begin by supposing that we have a b-bit message as input, and that
- we wish to find its message digest. Here b is an arbitrary
- nonnegative integer; b may be zero, it need not be a multiple of
- eight, and it may be arbitrarily large. We imagine the bits of the
- message written down as follows:
-
- m_0 m_1 ... m_{b-1}
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- The following five steps are performed to compute the message digest
- of the message.
-
- 3.1 Step 1. Append Padding Bits
-
- The message is "padded" (extended) so that its length (in bits) is
- congruent to 448, modulo 512. That is, the message is extended so
- that it is just 64 bits shy of being a multiple of 512 bits long.
- Padding is always performed, even if the length of the message is
- already congruent to 448, modulo 512.
-
- Padding is performed as follows: a single "1" bit is appended to the
- message, and then "0" bits are appended so that the length in bits of
- the padded message becomes congruent to 448, modulo 512. In all, at
- least one bit and at most 512 bits are appended.
-
- 3.2 Step 2. Append Length
-
- A 64-bit representation of b (the length of the message before the
- padding bits were added) is appended to the result of the previous
- step. In the unlikely event that b is greater than 2^64, then only
- the low-order 64 bits of b are used. (These bits are appended as two
- 32-bit words and appended low-order word first in accordance with the
- previous conventions.)
-
- At this point the resulting message (after padding with bits and with
- b) has a length that is an exact multiple of 512 bits. Equivalently,
- this message has a length that is an exact multiple of 16 (32-bit)
- words. Let M[0 ... N-1] denote the words of the resulting message,
- where N is a multiple of 16.
-
- 3.3 Step 3. Initialize MD Buffer
-
- A four-word buffer (A,B,C,D) is used to compute the message digest.
- Here each of A, B, C, D is a 32-bit register. These registers are
- initialized to the following values in hexadecimal, low-order bytes
- first):
-
- word A: 01 23 45 67
- word B: 89 ab cd ef
- word C: fe dc ba 98
- word D: 76 54 32 10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- 3.4 Step 4. Process Message in 16-Word Blocks
-
- We first define three auxiliary functions that each take as input
- three 32-bit words and produce as output one 32-bit word.
-
- F(X,Y,Z) = XY v not(X) Z
- G(X,Y,Z) = XY v XZ v YZ
- H(X,Y,Z) = X xor Y xor Z
-
- In each bit position F acts as a conditional: if X then Y else Z.
- The function F could have been defined using + instead of v since XY
- and not(X)Z will never have "1" bits in the same bit position.) In
- each bit position G acts as a majority function: if at least two of
- X, Y, Z are on, then G has a "1" bit in that bit position, else G has
- a "0" bit. It is interesting to note that if the bits of X, Y, and Z
- are independent and unbiased, the each bit of f(X,Y,Z) will be
- independent and unbiased, and similarly each bit of g(X,Y,Z) will be
- independent and unbiased. The function H is the bit-wise XOR or
- parity" function; it has properties similar to those of F and G.
-
- Do the following:
-
- Process each 16-word block. */
- For i = 0 to N/16-1 do
-
- /* Copy block i into X. */
- For j = 0 to 15 do
- Set X[j] to M[i*16+j].
- end /* of loop on j */
-
- /* Save A as AA, B as BB, C as CC, and D as DD. */
- AA = A
- BB = B
- CC = C
- DD = D
-
- /* Round 1. */
- /* Let [abcd k s] denote the operation
- a = (a + F(b,c,d) + X[k]) <<< s. */
- /* Do the following 16 operations. */
- [ABCD 0 3] [DABC 1 7] [CDAB 2 11] [BCDA 3 19]
- [ABCD 4 3] [DABC 5 7] [CDAB 6 11] [BCDA 7 19]
- [ABCD 8 3] [DABC 9 7] [CDAB 10 11] [BCDA 11 19]
- [ABCD 12 3] [DABC 13 7] [CDAB 14 11] [BCDA 15 19]
-
- /* Round 2. */
- /* Let [abcd k s] denote the operation
- a = (a + G(b,c,d) + X[k] + 5A827999) <<< s. */
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- /* Do the following 16 operations. */
- [ABCD 0 3] [DABC 4 5] [CDAB 8 9] [BCDA 12 13]
- [ABCD 1 3] [DABC 5 5] [CDAB 9 9] [BCDA 13 13]
- [ABCD 2 3] [DABC 6 5] [CDAB 10 9] [BCDA 14 13]
- [ABCD 3 3] [DABC 7 5] [CDAB 11 9] [BCDA 15 13]
-
- /* Round 3. */
- /* Let [abcd k s] denote the operation
- a = (a + H(b,c,d) + X[k] + 6ED9EBA1) <<< s. */
- /* Do the following 16 operations. */
- [ABCD 0 3] [DABC 8 9] [CDAB 4 11] [BCDA 12 15]
- [ABCD 2 3] [DABC 10 9] [CDAB 6 11] [BCDA 14 15]
- [ABCD 1 3] [DABC 9 9] [CDAB 5 11] [BCDA 13 15]
- [ABCD 3 3] [DABC 11 9] [CDAB 7 11] [BCDA 15 15]
-
- /* Then perform the following additions. (That is, increment each
- of the four registers by the value it had before this block
- was started.) */
- A = A + AA
- B = B + BB
- C = C + CC
- D = D + DD
-
- end /* of loop on i */
-
- Note. The value 5A..99 is a hexadecimal 32-bit constant, written with
- the high-order digit first. This constant represents the square root
- of 2. The octal value of this constant is 013240474631.
-
- The value 6E..A1 is a hexadecimal 32-bit constant, written with the
- high-order digit first. This constant represents the square root of
- 3. The octal value of this constant is 015666365641.
-
- See Knuth, The Art of Programming, Volume 2 (Seminumerical
- Algorithms), Second Edition (1981), Addison-Wesley. Table 2, page
- 660.
-
- 3.5 Step 5. Output
-
- The message digest produced as output is A, B, C, D. That is, we
- begin with the low-order byte of A, and end with the high-order byte
- of D.
-
- This completes the description of MD4. A reference implementation in
- C is given in the appendix.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- 4. Summary
-
- The MD4 message-digest algorithm is simple to implement, and provides
- a "fingerprint" or message digest of a message of arbitrary length.
- It is conjectured that the difficulty of coming up with two messages
- having the same message digest is on the order of 2^64 operations,
- and that the difficulty of coming up with any message having a given
- message digest is on the order of 2^128 operations. The MD4 algorithm
- has been carefully scrutinized for weaknesses. It is, however, a
- relatively new algorithm and further security analysis is of course
- justified, as is the case with any new proposal of this sort.
-
- References
-
- [1] Rivest, R., "The MD4 message digest algorithm", in A.J. Menezes
- and S.A. Vanstone, editors, Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO '90
- Proceedings, pages 303-311, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
-
- [2] Rivest, R., "The MD4 Message Digest Algorithm", RFC 1186, MIT,
- October 1990.
-
- [3] CCITT Recommendation X.509 (1988), "The Directory -
- Authentication Framework".
-
- [4] Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321, MIT and
- RSA Data Security, Inc, April 1992.
-
- APPENDIX A - Reference Implementation
-
- This appendix contains the following files:
-
- global.h -- global header file
-
- md4.h -- header file for MD4
-
- md4c.c -- source code for MD4
-
- mddriver.c -- test driver for MD2, MD4 and MD5
-
- The driver compiles for MD5 by default but can compile for MD2 or MD4
- if the symbol MD is defined on the C compiler command line as 2 or 4.
-
- The implementation is portable and should work on many different
- plaforms. However, it is not difficult to optimize the implementation
- on particular platforms, an exercise left to the reader. For example,
- on "little-endian" platforms where the lowest-addressed byte in a 32-
- bit word is the least significant and there are no alignment
- restrictions, the call to Decode in MD4Transform can be replaced with
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 6]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- a typecast.
-
- A.1 global.h
-
- /* GLOBAL.H - RSAREF types and constants
- */
-
- /* PROTOTYPES should be set to one if and only if the compiler supports
- function argument prototyping.
- The following makes PROTOTYPES default to 0 if it has not already
- been defined with C compiler flags.
- */
- #ifndef PROTOTYPES
- #define PROTOTYPES 0
- #endif
-
- /* POINTER defines a generic pointer type */
- typedef unsigned char *POINTER;
-
- /* UINT2 defines a two byte word */
- typedef unsigned short int UINT2;
-
- /* UINT4 defines a four byte word */
- typedef unsigned long int UINT4;
-
- /* PROTO_LIST is defined depending on how PROTOTYPES is defined above.
- If using PROTOTYPES, then PROTO_LIST returns the list, otherwise it
- returns an empty list.
- */
-
- #if PROTOTYPES
- #define PROTO_LIST(list) list
- #else
- #define PROTO_LIST(list) ()
- #endif
-
- A.2 md4.h
-
- /* MD4.H - header file for MD4C.C
- */
-
- /* Copyright (C) 1991-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1991. All
- rights reserved.
-
- License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it
- is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest
- Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software
- or this function.
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 7]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
- that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data
- Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material
- mentioning or referencing the derived work.
-
- RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
- the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
- software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
- without express or implied warranty of any kind.
-
- These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
- documentation and/or software.
- */
-
- /* MD4 context. */
- typedef struct {
- UINT4 state[4]; /* state (ABCD) */
- UINT4 count[2]; /* number of bits, modulo 2^64 (lsb first) */
- unsigned char buffer[64]; /* input buffer */
- } MD4_CTX;
-
- void MD4Init PROTO_LIST ((MD4_CTX *));
- void MD4Update PROTO_LIST
- ((MD4_CTX *, unsigned char *, unsigned int));
- void MD4Final PROTO_LIST ((unsigned char [16], MD4_CTX *));
-
- A.3 md4c.c
-
- /* MD4C.C - RSA Data Security, Inc., MD4 message-digest algorithm
- */
-
- /* Copyright (C) 1990-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. All rights reserved.
-
- License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it
- is identified as the "RSA Data Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest
- Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this software
- or this function.
-
- License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided
- that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data
- Security, Inc. MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material
- mentioning or referencing the derived work.
-
- RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
- the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
- software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
- without express or implied warranty of any kind.
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 8]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
- documentation and/or software.
- */
-
- #include "global.h"
- #include "md4.h"
-
- /* Constants for MD4Transform routine.
- */
- #define S11 3
- #define S12 7
- #define S13 11
- #define S14 19
- #define S21 3
- #define S22 5
- #define S23 9
- #define S24 13
- #define S31 3
- #define S32 9
- #define S33 11
- #define S34 15
-
- static void MD4Transform PROTO_LIST ((UINT4 [4], unsigned char [64]));
- static void Encode PROTO_LIST
- ((unsigned char *, UINT4 *, unsigned int));
- static void Decode PROTO_LIST
- ((UINT4 *, unsigned char *, unsigned int));
- static void MD4_memcpy PROTO_LIST ((POINTER, POINTER, unsigned int));
- static void MD4_memset PROTO_LIST ((POINTER, int, unsigned int));
-
- static unsigned char PADDING[64] = {
- 0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
- };
-
- /* F, G and H are basic MD4 functions.
- */
- #define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
- #define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (z)))
- #define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
-
- /* ROTATE_LEFT rotates x left n bits.
- */
- #define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))
-
- /* FF, GG and HH are transformations for rounds 1, 2 and 3 */
- /* Rotation is separate from addition to prevent recomputation */
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 9]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- #define FF(a, b, c, d, x, s) { \
- (a) += F ((b), (c), (d)) + (x); \
- (a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s)); \
- }
- #define GG(a, b, c, d, x, s) { \
- (a) += G ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (UINT4)0x5a827999; \
- (a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s)); \
- }
- #define HH(a, b, c, d, x, s) { \
- (a) += H ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (UINT4)0x6ed9eba1; \
- (a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s)); \
- }
-
- /* MD4 initialization. Begins an MD4 operation, writing a new context.
- */
- void MD4Init (context)
- MD4_CTX *context; /* context */
- {
- context->count[0] = context->count[1] = 0;
-
- /* Load magic initialization constants.
- */
- context->state[0] = 0x67452301;
- context->state[1] = 0xefcdab89;
- context->state[2] = 0x98badcfe;
- context->state[3] = 0x10325476;
- }
-
- /* MD4 block update operation. Continues an MD4 message-digest
- operation, processing another message block, and updating the
- context.
- */
- void MD4Update (context, input, inputLen)
- MD4_CTX *context; /* context */
- unsigned char *input; /* input block */
- unsigned int inputLen; /* length of input block */
- {
- unsigned int i, index, partLen;
-
- /* Compute number of bytes mod 64 */
- index = (unsigned int)((context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F);
- /* Update number of bits */
- if ((context->count[0] += ((UINT4)inputLen << 3))
- < ((UINT4)inputLen << 3))
- context->count[1]++;
- context->count[1] += ((UINT4)inputLen >> 29);
-
- partLen = 64 - index;
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 10]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- /* Transform as many times as possible.
- */
- if (inputLen >= partLen) {
- MD4_memcpy
- ((POINTER)&context->buffer[index], (POINTER)input, partLen);
- MD4Transform (context->state, context->buffer);
-
- for (i = partLen; i + 63 < inputLen; i += 64)
- MD4Transform (context->state, &input[i]);
-
- index = 0;
- }
- else
- i = 0;
-
- /* Buffer remaining input */
- MD4_memcpy
- ((POINTER)&context->buffer[index], (POINTER)&input[i],
- inputLen-i);
- }
-
- /* MD4 finalization. Ends an MD4 message-digest operation, writing the
- the message digest and zeroizing the context.
- */
- void MD4Final (digest, context)
- unsigned char digest[16]; /* message digest */
- MD4_CTX *context; /* context */
- {
- unsigned char bits[8];
- unsigned int index, padLen;
-
- /* Save number of bits */
- Encode (bits, context->count, 8);
-
- /* Pad out to 56 mod 64.
- */
- index = (unsigned int)((context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);
- padLen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index);
- MD4Update (context, PADDING, padLen);
-
- /* Append length (before padding) */
- MD4Update (context, bits, 8);
- /* Store state in digest */
- Encode (digest, context->state, 16);
-
- /* Zeroize sensitive information.
- */
- MD4_memset ((POINTER)context, 0, sizeof (*context));
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 11]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- }
-
- /* MD4 basic transformation. Transforms state based on block.
- */
- static void MD4Transform (state, block)
- UINT4 state[4];
- unsigned char block[64];
- {
- UINT4 a = state[0], b = state[1], c = state[2], d = state[3], x[16];
-
- Decode (x, block, 64);
-
- /* Round 1 */
- FF (a, b, c, d, x[ 0], S11); /* 1 */
- FF (d, a, b, c, x[ 1], S12); /* 2 */
- FF (c, d, a, b, x[ 2], S13); /* 3 */
- FF (b, c, d, a, x[ 3], S14); /* 4 */
- FF (a, b, c, d, x[ 4], S11); /* 5 */
- FF (d, a, b, c, x[ 5], S12); /* 6 */
- FF (c, d, a, b, x[ 6], S13); /* 7 */
- FF (b, c, d, a, x[ 7], S14); /* 8 */
- FF (a, b, c, d, x[ 8], S11); /* 9 */
- FF (d, a, b, c, x[ 9], S12); /* 10 */
- FF (c, d, a, b, x[10], S13); /* 11 */
- FF (b, c, d, a, x[11], S14); /* 12 */
- FF (a, b, c, d, x[12], S11); /* 13 */
- FF (d, a, b, c, x[13], S12); /* 14 */
- FF (c, d, a, b, x[14], S13); /* 15 */
- FF (b, c, d, a, x[15], S14); /* 16 */
-
- /* Round 2 */
- GG (a, b, c, d, x[ 0], S21); /* 17 */
- GG (d, a, b, c, x[ 4], S22); /* 18 */
- GG (c, d, a, b, x[ 8], S23); /* 19 */
- GG (b, c, d, a, x[12], S24); /* 20 */
- GG (a, b, c, d, x[ 1], S21); /* 21 */
- GG (d, a, b, c, x[ 5], S22); /* 22 */
- GG (c, d, a, b, x[ 9], S23); /* 23 */
- GG (b, c, d, a, x[13], S24); /* 24 */
- GG (a, b, c, d, x[ 2], S21); /* 25 */
- GG (d, a, b, c, x[ 6], S22); /* 26 */
- GG (c, d, a, b, x[10], S23); /* 27 */
- GG (b, c, d, a, x[14], S24); /* 28 */
- GG (a, b, c, d, x[ 3], S21); /* 29 */
- GG (d, a, b, c, x[ 7], S22); /* 30 */
- GG (c, d, a, b, x[11], S23); /* 31 */
- GG (b, c, d, a, x[15], S24); /* 32 */
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 12]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- /* Round 3 */
- HH (a, b, c, d, x[ 0], S31); /* 33 */
- HH (d, a, b, c, x[ 8], S32); /* 34 */
- HH (c, d, a, b, x[ 4], S33); /* 35 */
- HH (b, c, d, a, x[12], S34); /* 36 */
- HH (a, b, c, d, x[ 2], S31); /* 37 */
- HH (d, a, b, c, x[10], S32); /* 38 */
- HH (c, d, a, b, x[ 6], S33); /* 39 */
- HH (b, c, d, a, x[14], S34); /* 40 */
- HH (a, b, c, d, x[ 1], S31); /* 41 */
- HH (d, a, b, c, x[ 9], S32); /* 42 */
- HH (c, d, a, b, x[ 5], S33); /* 43 */
- HH (b, c, d, a, x[13], S34); /* 44 */
- HH (a, b, c, d, x[ 3], S31); /* 45 */
- HH (d, a, b, c, x[11], S32); /* 46 */
- HH (c, d, a, b, x[ 7], S33); /* 47 */
- HH (b, c, d, a, x[15], S34); /* 48 */
-
- state[0] += a;
- state[1] += b;
- state[2] += c;
- state[3] += d;
-
- /* Zeroize sensitive information.
- */
- MD4_memset ((POINTER)x, 0, sizeof (x));
- }
-
- /* Encodes input (UINT4) into output (unsigned char). Assumes len is
- a multiple of 4.
- */
- static void Encode (output, input, len)
- unsigned char *output;
- UINT4 *input;
- unsigned int len;
- {
- unsigned int i, j;
-
- for (i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++, j += 4) {
- output[j] = (unsigned char)(input[i] & 0xff);
- output[j+1] = (unsigned char)((input[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
- output[j+2] = (unsigned char)((input[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
- output[j+3] = (unsigned char)((input[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
- }
- }
-
- /* Decodes input (unsigned char) into output (UINT4). Assumes len is
- a multiple of 4.
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 13]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- */
- static void Decode (output, input, len)
-
- UINT4 *output;
- unsigned char *input;
- unsigned int len;
- {
- unsigned int i, j;
-
- for (i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++, j += 4)
- output[i] = ((UINT4)input[j]) | (((UINT4)input[j+1]) << 8) |
- (((UINT4)input[j+2]) << 16) | (((UINT4)input[j+3]) << 24);
- }
-
- /* Note: Replace "for loop" with standard memcpy if possible.
- */
- static void MD4_memcpy (output, input, len)
- POINTER output;
- POINTER input;
- unsigned int len;
- {
- unsigned int i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
- output[i] = input[i];
- }
-
- /* Note: Replace "for loop" with standard memset if possible.
- */
- static void MD4_memset (output, value, len)
- POINTER output;
- int value;
- unsigned int len;
- {
- unsigned int i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
- ((char *)output)[i] = (char)value;
- }
-
- A.4 mddriver.c
-
- /* MDDRIVER.C - test driver for MD2, MD4 and MD5
- */
-
- /* Copyright (C) 1990-2, RSA Data Security, Inc. Created 1990. All
- rights reserved.
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 14]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either
- the merchantability of this software or the suitability of this
- software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"
- without express or implied warranty of any kind.
-
- These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this
- documentation and/or software.
-
- */
-
- /* The following makes MD default to MD5 if it has not already been
- defined with C compiler flags.
- */
- #ifndef MD
- #define MD MD5
- #endif
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <time.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include "global.h"
- #if MD == 2
- #include "md2.h"
- #endif
- #if MD == 4
- #include "md4.h"
- #endif
- #if MD == 5
- #include "md5.h"
- #endif
-
- /* Length of test block, number of test blocks.
- */
- #define TEST_BLOCK_LEN 1000
- #define TEST_BLOCK_COUNT 1000
-
- static void MDString PROTO_LIST ((char *));
- static void MDTimeTrial PROTO_LIST ((void));
- static void MDTestSuite PROTO_LIST ((void));
- static void MDFile PROTO_LIST ((char *));
- static void MDFilter PROTO_LIST ((void));
- static void MDPrint PROTO_LIST ((unsigned char [16]));
-
- #if MD == 2
- #define MD_CTX MD2_CTX
- #define MDInit MD2Init
- #define MDUpdate MD2Update
- #define MDFinal MD2Final
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 15]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- #endif
- #if MD == 4
- #define MD_CTX MD4_CTX
- #define MDInit MD4Init
- #define MDUpdate MD4Update
- #define MDFinal MD4Final
- #endif
- #if MD == 5
- #define MD_CTX MD5_CTX
- #define MDInit MD5Init
- #define MDUpdate MD5Update
- #define MDFinal MD5Final
- #endif
-
- /* Main driver.
-
- Arguments (may be any combination):
- -sstring - digests string
- -t - runs time trial
- -x - runs test script
- filename - digests file
- (none) - digests standard input
- */
- int main (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char *argv[];
- {
- int i;
-
- if (argc > 1)
- for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
- if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == 's')
- MDString (argv[i] + 2);
- else if (strcmp (argv[i], "-t") == 0)
- MDTimeTrial ();
- else if (strcmp (argv[i], "-x") == 0)
- MDTestSuite ();
- else
- MDFile (argv[i]);
- else
- MDFilter ();
-
- return (0);
- }
-
- /* Digests a string and prints the result.
- */
- static void MDString (string)
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 16]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- char *string;
- {
- MD_CTX context;
- unsigned char digest[16];
- unsigned int len = strlen (string);
-
- MDInit (&context);
- MDUpdate (&context, string, len);
- MDFinal (digest, &context);
-
- printf ("MD%d (\"%s\") = ", MD, string);
- MDPrint (digest);
- printf ("\n");
- }
-
- /* Measures the time to digest TEST_BLOCK_COUNT TEST_BLOCK_LEN-byte
- blocks.
- */
- static void MDTimeTrial ()
- {
- MD_CTX context;
- time_t endTime, startTime;
- unsigned char block[TEST_BLOCK_LEN], digest[16];
- unsigned int i;
-
- printf
- ("MD%d time trial. Digesting %d %d-byte blocks ...", MD,
- TEST_BLOCK_LEN, TEST_BLOCK_COUNT);
-
- /* Initialize block */
- for (i = 0; i < TEST_BLOCK_LEN; i++)
- block[i] = (unsigned char)(i & 0xff);
-
- /* Start timer */
- time (&startTime);
-
- /* Digest blocks */
- MDInit (&context);
- for (i = 0; i < TEST_BLOCK_COUNT; i++)
- MDUpdate (&context, block, TEST_BLOCK_LEN);
- MDFinal (digest, &context);
-
- /* Stop timer */
- time (&endTime);
-
- printf (" done\n");
- printf ("Digest = ");
- MDPrint (digest);
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 17]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- printf ("\nTime = %ld seconds\n", (long)(endTime-startTime));
- printf
- ("Speed = %ld bytes/second\n",
- (long)TEST_BLOCK_LEN * (long)TEST_BLOCK_COUNT/(endTime-startTime));
- }
-
- /* Digests a reference suite of strings and prints the results.
- */
- static void MDTestSuite ()
- {
- printf ("MD%d test suite:\n", MD);
-
- MDString ("");
- MDString ("a");
- MDString ("abc");
- MDString ("message digest");
- MDString ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
- MDString
- ("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789");
- MDString
-
- ("1234567890123456789012345678901234567890\
- 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890");
- }
-
- /* Digests a file and prints the result.
- */
- static void MDFile (filename)
- char *filename;
- {
- FILE *file;
- MD_CTX context;
- int len;
- unsigned char buffer[1024], digest[16];
-
- if ((file = fopen (filename, "rb")) == NULL)
- printf ("%s can't be opened\n", filename);
-
- else {
- MDInit (&context);
- while (len = fread (buffer, 1, 1024, file))
- MDUpdate (&context, buffer, len);
- MDFinal (digest, &context);
-
- fclose (file);
-
- printf ("MD%d (%s) = ", MD, filename);
- MDPrint (digest);
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 18]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- printf ("\n");
- }
- }
-
- /* Digests the standard input and prints the result.
- */
- static void MDFilter ()
- {
- MD_CTX context;
- int len;
- unsigned char buffer[16], digest[16];
-
- MDInit (&context);
- while (len = fread (buffer, 1, 16, stdin))
- MDUpdate (&context, buffer, len);
- MDFinal (digest, &context);
-
- MDPrint (digest);
- printf ("\n");
- }
-
- /* Prints a message digest in hexadecimal.
- */
- static void MDPrint (digest)
- unsigned char digest[16];
-
- {
- unsigned int i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
- printf ("%02x", digest[i]);
- }
-
- A.5 Test suite
-
- The MD4 test suite (driver option "-x") should print the following
- results:
-
- MD4 test suite:
- MD4 ("") = 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0
- MD4 ("a") = bde52cb31de33e46245e05fbdbd6fb24
- MD4 ("abc") = a448017aaf21d8525fc10ae87aa6729d
- MD4 ("message digest") = d9130a8164549fe818874806e1c7014b
- MD4 ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") = d79e1c308aa5bbcdeea8ed63df412da9
- MD4 ("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789") =
- 043f8582f241db351ce627e153e7f0e4
- MD4 ("123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456
- 78901234567890") = e33b4ddc9c38f2199c3e7b164fcc0536
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 19]
-
- RFC 1320 MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm April 1992
-
-
- Security Considerations
-
- The level of security discussed in this memo is considered to be
- sufficient for implementing moderate security hybrid digital-
- signature schemes based on MD4 and a public-key cryptosystem. We do
- not know of any reason that MD4 would not be sufficient for
- implementing very high security digital-signature schemes, but
- because MD4 was designed to be exceptionally fast, it is "at the
- edge" in terms of risking successful cryptanalytic attack. After
- further critical review, it may be appropriate to consider MD4 for
- very high security applications. For very high security applications
- before the completion of that review, the MD5 algorithm [4] is
- recommended.
-
- Author's Address
-
- Ronald L. Rivest
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Laboratory for Computer Science
- NE43-324
- 545 Technology Square
- Cambridge, MA 02139-1986
-
- Phone: (617) 253-5880
- EMail: rivest@theory.lcs.mit.edu
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Rivest [Page 20]
-
-